Journal
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Volume 109, Issue 2, Pages 364-371Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.032
Keywords
Placenta; Phospholipids; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Funding
- Abbott Laboratories
- Andalucian Ministry of Innovation, Technology and Science [P06-CTS-02341]
- Commission of the European Communities [FP7-289346-EARLY NUTRITION]
- European Research Council [322605 META-GROWTH]
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse effects in the offspring. The composition of placental glycerophospholipids (GPL) is known to be altered in GDM and might reflect an aberrant fatty acid transfer across the placenta and thus affect the foetal body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of obesity and GDM, respectively, on placental GPL species composition. We investigated molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in term placentas from controls (lean non-diabetic, body-mass-index [BMI] 18-24.9 kg/m(2), n = 31), obese non-diabetics (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2), n = 17) and lean diabetics (n = 15), using liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. PE(16: 0/22: 6) and PE(18: 0/20: 4) were increased in GDM and decreased species were PC(18: 0/20: 3), PC(18: 1/20: 3) and PS(18: 0/18: 2). A consistent difference between BMI related changes and changes caused by GDM was not observed. Arachidonic acid percentages of cord blood correlated with placental PC(16: 0/20: 4), whereas foetal docosahexaenoic acid correlated to placental PE species. Furthermore, a positive correlation of placental weight was found to levels of PE containing arachidonic acid. We demonstrated that obesity and GDM are associated with decreased dihomo-gammalinolenic acid and increased arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents of placental GPL, with unknown consequences for the foetus. PC(16: 0/20: 4) was identified as the major component for the supply of arachidonic acid to the foetal circulation, whereas PE containing arachidonic acid was found to be associated to the placental and infant growth. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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