Storage of boar semen at 16-18 °C in the long-term commercial extender prepared with deionized water or nanowater

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of nanowater (NW; water declusterized using cold plasma treatment) as a diluent for a commercial boar semen extender during the 15-day storage (Days 1 to 15) at 16-18 degrees C. Ejaculates collected from 8 boars were subjected to the standard evaluation and then diluted in the extender prepared with deionized water (DW) or NW to a final concentration of 3x10(9) spermatozoa/ml. The proportion of defective spermatozoa increased (P<0.05) from Day 10 to Day 15 of storage (22.8 +/- 16.6% to 41.8 +/- 26.4% in DW group and 18.6 +/- 11.7% to 34.8 +/- 25.4% in NW group) and it was significantly greater in DW group compared with NW group on Days 5 and 10 due mainly to a greater (P<0.05) number of mid-piece defects in semen stored in the DW-containing extender. Sperm progressive motility decreased (P<0.05) in both groups between Days 2 and 6, Days 6 and 10, and Days 10 and 12, whereas the percentage of motile spermatozoa declined (P<0.05) to Day 14 only in NW group. Sperm motility was greater (P<0.05) in NW group compared with DW group from Day 5 to Day 13. A decline in sperm progressive motility below 40% in all semen samples occurred by Day 11 in DW group and by Day 12 in NW group. The mean survival time of sperm at 37 degrees C ex situ was greater in NW group than in DW group on Day 5 (314 +/- 87 min compared with 284 +/- 87 min) and Day 10 (223 +/- 34 min compared with 182 +/- 27 min; NW group compared with DW group, respectively). There were no differences (P>0.05) between the two groups in the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in semen extender. To summarize, the use of NW as an extender diluent exerts cytoprotective effects on boar spermatozoa and delays a decline in sperm progressive motility.