Journal
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
Volume 8, Issue SUPPL 2, Pages S73-S82Publisher
SPRINGER LONDON LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00164-5
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid-beta; Blood biomarkers; Neurofilament; Single molecule array technology; Tau
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging [U01 AG006786, R01 AG049704, R01 AG059654]
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The development of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as tools for screening the general population, and as the first step in a multistep process to determine which non-demented individuals are at greatest risk of developing AD dementia, is essential. Proteins that are reflective of AD pathology, such as amyloid beta 42 (A beta(42)), tau proteins [total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)], and neurofilament light chain (NfL), are detectable in the blood. However, a major challenge in measuring these blood-based proteins is that their concentrations are much lower in plasma or serum than in the cerebrospinal fluid. Single molecule array (SiMoA) is an ultrasensitive technology that can detect proteins in blood at sub-femtomolar concentrations (i.e., 10(-16) M). In this review, we focus on the utility of SiMoA assays for the measurement of plasma or serum A beta(42), P-tau, T-tau, and NfL levels and discuss future directions.
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