Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 35, Issue 21, Pages 4624-4628Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2017.2756103
Keywords
Optical fiber devices; optical fiber interference; ultrafast optics
Funding
- FEDER [TEC2013-47264-C2-1-R, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R]
- Spanish government [BES-2014-069736]
- Parliament of Cantabria
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In this paper, an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer inscribed by femtosecond laser for curvature sensing has been designed and manufactured. Its operating principle consists of a secondary waveguide inscription working as a sensing arm. This waveguide has been manufactured using asymmetric structures with an average refractive index change of 1.1 x 10(-2) in its guiding section measured by refracted near-field profilometry. The overall arm/cladding index difference is higher than its core/cladding counterpart, which is a suggested condition for device operation following preliminary simulations. The manufactured Mach-Zehnder interferometer exhibits a linear response to bending radius that is also dependent on an established bending axis. Sensitivity has been measured up to 9.49 nm/m(-1) for curvature ranges from 0 to 14 m(-1). Simulation results using the beam propagation method and conformal mapping transformation to convert bending action into a tilt refractive index agree with experimental results for the same index parameters. Pre-liminary temperature test shows a remarkable cross sensitivity of 0.0024(3) m(-1)/degrees C up to 180 degrees C.
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