Journal
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
Volume 63, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
SWEDISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION-SNF
DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3676
Keywords
nutrients; dietary intake; Nordic diet; fetal programming; food intake; nutritional recommendations
Categories
Funding
- Regional Health Board South East
- Norwegian Research Council
- Oslo University Hospital
- University of Oslo
- Health and Rehabilitation Norway
- Foundation for Healthcare and Allergy Research in Sweden - Vardalstiftelsen
- Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation
- Swedish Research Council - the Initiative for Clinical Therapy Research
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
- SFO-V Karolinska Institutet
- Ostfold Hospital Trust
- European Union (MeDALL - project)
- Norwegian Association of Asthma and Allergy
- Kloster Foundation
- Furst Medical Laboratory
- Norwegian Society of Dermatology and Venereology
- Arne Ingel's bequest
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Background: A woman's food intake during pregnancy has important implications not only for herself but also for the future health and well-being of her child. Suboptimal dietary quality has been consistently reported in many high-income countries, reflecting poor adherence to dietary guidelines. Objective: This study aimed to explore the intake of food and nutrients in a cohort of pregnant women in Norway and their adherence to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and Norwegian food-based guidelines (NFG). Design: We investigated the dietary intake in 1,674 pregnant women from the mother-child birth cohort, PreventADALL, recruited at approximately 18-week gestational age. Dietary intake was assessed by an electronic validated food frequency questionnaire (PrevFFQ) in the first half of pregnancy. Results: Total fat intake was within the recommended intake (RI) range in most women; however, the contribution of saturated fatty acids to the total energy intake was above RI in the majority (85.2%) of women. Carbohydrate intake was below RI in 43.9% of the women, and 69.5% exceeded the RI of salt. Intakes of fiber, vegetables, and fish were high in a large part of the population. Many women had a high probability of inadequate intakes of the following key micronutrients during pregnancy: folate (54.4%), iron (49.6%), calcium (36.2%), vitamin D (28.7%), iodine (24.4%), and selenium (41.3%). A total of 22.8% women reported an alcohol intake of >1 g/day, and 4.4% reported an alcohol intake of >10 g/day. Women with higher educational levels showed a tendency towards healthier eating habits, except for higher intakes of alcohol and coffee, compared to women with lower educational level. Discussion: Excessive saturated fat intake and limited intake of many important micronutrients during pregnancy were common, potentially increasing the risk for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improved nutritional guidance to pregnant women across all educational levels.
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