Journal
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 3-13Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000480373
Keywords
Macrophage; Extracellular traps; METosis
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [T32-AI007474, 2T32HD060554-06A2]
- Office of Medical Research, Department of Veterans Affairs [IK-2BX001701]
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth
- National Center for Research Resources [UL1 RR024975-01]
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [2 UL1 TR000445-06]
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Tissue macrophages are derived from either circulating blood monocytes that originate in the bone marrow, or embryonic precursors that establish residence in tissues and are maintained independent of bone marrow progenitors. Macrophages perform diverse functions including tissue repair, the maintenance of homeostasis, and immune regulation. Recent studies have demonstrated that macrophages produce extracellular traps (ETs). ETs are an immune response by which a cell undergoes ETosis to release net-like material, with strands composed of cellular DNA that is studded with histones and cellular proteins. ETs are thought to immobilize and kill microorganisms, but also been implicated in disease pathology including aseptic inflammation and autoimmune disease. We conducted a scoping review to define what is known from the existing literature about the ETs produced by monocytes or macrophages. The results suggest that macrophage ETs (METs) are produced in response to various microorganisms and have similar features to neutrophil ETs (NETs), in that METs are produced by a unique cell death program (METosis), which results in release of fibers composed of DNA and studded with cellular proteins. METs function to immobilize and kill some microorganisms, but may also play a role in disease pathology. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel
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