Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 217, Issue 1, Pages 158-167Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix563
Keywords
skin; interferon; Treg; Lyme disease
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01CI000160, U01CK000153]
- National Institutes of Health [AI45801]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [ZIAAI000695] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background. The most common clinical manifestation of early Lyme disease is the erythema migrans (EM) skin lesion that develops at the tick bite site typically between 7 and 14 days after infection with Borreliella burgdorferi. The host-pathogen interactions that occur in the skin may have a critical role in determining outcome of infection. Methods. Gene arrays were used to characterize the global transcriptional alterations in skin biopsy samples of EM lesions from untreated adult patients with Lyme disease in comparison to controls. Results. The transcriptional pattern in EM biopsies consisted of 254 differentially regulated genes (180 induced and 74 repressed) characterized by the induction of chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, monocytoid cell activation markers, and numerous genes annotated as interferon (IFN)-inducible. The IFN-inducible genes included 3 transcripts involved in tryptophan catabolism (IDO1, KMO, KYNU) that play a pivotal role in immune evasion by certain other microbial pathogens by driving the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Conclusions. This is the first study to globally assess the human skin transcriptional response during early Lyme disease. Borreliella burgdorferi elicits a predominant IFN signature in the EM lesion, suggesting a potential mechanism for spirochetal dissemination via IDO1-mediated localized immunosuppression.
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