Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
Volume 75, Issue 3, Pages 191-197Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.06.009
Keywords
Tuberculosis; Transmission; Airborne transmission; Tanzania; Transmission hotspots; CO2; Wells-Riley equation
Categories
Funding
- Rudolf Geigy Foundation (Basel, Switzerland)
- South African Medical Research Council (MRC)
- National Treasury under Economic Competitiveness and Support Package [MRC-RFAUFSP-01-2013/CCAMP]
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1116641]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1116641] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Objectives: For tuberculosis (TB) transmission to occur, an uninfected individual must inhale the previously infected breath. Our objective was to identify potential TB transmission hotspots in metropolitan city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to model the annual risk of TB transmission in different locations of public importance. Methods: We collected indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) data from markets, prisons, night clubs, public transportation, religious and social halls, and from schools. Study volunteers recorded social contacts at each of the locations. We then estimated the annual risks of TB transmission using a modified Wells-Riley equation for different locations. Results: The annual risks of TB transmission were highest among prison inmates (41.6%) and drivers (20.3%) in public transport. Lower transmission risks were found in central markets (4.8% for traders, but 0.5% for their customers), passengers on public transport (2.4%), public schools (4.0%), nightclubs (1.7%), religious (0.13%), and social halls (0.12%). Conclusion: For the first time in a country representative of sub-Saharan Africa, we modelled the risk of TB transmission in important public locations by using a novel approach of studying airborne transmission. This approach can guide identification of TB transmission hotspots and targeted interventions to reach WHO's ambitious End TB targets. (C) 2017 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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