Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
Volume 245, Issue 3, Pages 276-293Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24368
Keywords
midfacial development; neural crest cells; midfacial cleft; cell signaling; growth factor
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Funding
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH [DE024759]
- UTHealth School of Dentistry
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The morphogenesis of midfacial processes requires the coordination of a variety of cellular functions of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to develop complex structures. Any failure or delay in midfacial development as well as any abnormal fusion of the medial and lateral nasal and maxillary prominences will result in developmental defects in the midface with a varying degree of severity, including cleft, hypoplasia, and midline expansion. Despite the advances in human genome sequencing technology, the causes of nearly 70% of all birth defects, which include midfacial development defects, remain unknown. Recent studies in animal models have highlighted the importance of specific signaling cascades and genetic-environmental interactions in the development of the midfacial region. This review will summarize the current understanding of the morphogenetic processes and molecular mechanisms underlying midfacial birth defects based on mouse models with midfacial developmental abnormalities. Developmental Dynamics 245:276-293, 2016. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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