Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 405, Issue 2, Pages 237-249Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.008
Keywords
Small GTPases; Acrosomal exocytosis; Actin; Cofilin; LIMK1; Sperm
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [RO1TW008662]
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH [RO1 HD38082, HD44044]
- World Health Organization RMG Grant [H9/TSA/037]
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [PICT 2013-1175, PICT 2011-0540, PICT 2012-2023]
- CONICET [PIP 740, PIP 290]
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Mammalian sperm must acquire their fertilizing ability after a series of biochemical modifications in the female reproductive tract collectively called capacitation to undergo acrosomal exocytosis, a process that is essential for fertilization. Actin dynamics play a central role in controlling the process of exocytosis in somatic cells as well as in sperm from several mammalian species. In somatic cells, small GTPases of the Rho family are widely known as master regulators of actin dynamics. However, the role of these proteins in sperm has not been studied in detail. In the present work we characterized the participation of small GTPases of the Rho family in the signaling pathway that leads to actin polymerization during mouse sperm capacitation. We observed that most of the proteins of this signaling cascade and their effector proteins are expressed in mouse sperm. The activation of the signaling pathways of cAMP/PKA, RhoA/C and Rac1 is essential for LIMK1 activation by phosphorylation on Threonine 508. Serine 3 of Cofilin is phosphorylated by LIMK1 during capacitation in a transiently manner. Inhibition of LIMK1 by specific inhibitors (BMS-3) resulted in lower levels of actin polymerization during capacitation and a dramatic decrease in the percentage of sperm that undergo acrosomal exocytosis. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that the master regulators of actin dynamics in somatic cells are present and active in mouse sperm. Combining the results of our present study with other results from the literature, we have proposed a working model regarding how LIMK1 and Cofilin control acrosomal exocytosis in mouse sperm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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