Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 62, Issue 5, Pages 175-181Publisher
WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS
DOI: 10.4103/CJP.CJP_32_19
Keywords
Citral; gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor; glycine receptor; patch clamp; substantia gelatinosa neuron
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Funding
- Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2016R1D1A3B03932241]
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2015R1C1A1A02036793]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1D1A3B03932241, 2015R1C1A1A02036793, 22A20130012044] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) is admitted as a pivotal site of integrating and regulating orofacial nociceptive inputs. Although citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) is involved in antinociception, the action mechanism of citral on the SG neurons of the Vc has not been fully clarified yet. In this study, we examined the direct membrane effects of citral and how citral mediates responses on the SG neurons of the Vc in juvenile mice using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Under high chloride pipette solution, citral showed repeatable inward currents that persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker, and 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. However, the citral-induced inward currents were partially blocked by picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A))-receptor antagonist, or by strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist. Further, the citral-induced responses were almost blocked by picrotoxin with strychnine. We also found that citral exhibited additive effect with GABA-induced inward currents and glycine-induced inward currents were potentiated by citral. In addition, citral suppressed the firing activities by positive current injection on the SG neurons of the Vc. Taken together, these results demonstrate that citral has glycine- and/or GABA-mimetic actions and suggest that citral might be a potential target for orofacial pain modulation by the activation of inhibitory neurotransmission in the SG area of the Vc.
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