Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 142, Issue 11, Pages 1918-1936Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.097394
Keywords
Dopamine neurons; Midbrain; Parkinson's disease; Regeneration; Reprogramming; Stem cells
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (CEDB)
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SRL Program)
- Swedish Research Council [VR2008:2811, VR2008:3287, VR2011:3116, VR2011:DBRM]
- Karolinska Institutet (SFO, Thematic Center in Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine)
- European Commission [NeuroStemCellRepair: HEALTH-F4-2013-602278, DDPDGENES: HEALTH-2011-278871]
- Czech Ministry of Education
- European Regional Development Fund [KI-MU] [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0180]
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Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and the hope that treatment for diseases affecting mDA neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), might be facilitated by a better understanding of how these neurons are specified, differentiated and maintained in vivo. This knowledge might help to instruct efforts to generate mDA neurons in vitro, which holds promise not only for cell replacement therapy, but also for disease modeling and drug discovery. In this Primer, we will focus on recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of mDA neurons in vivo, and how they have been used to generate human mDA neurons in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or from somatic cells via direct reprogramming. Current challenges and future avenues in the development of a regenerative medicine for PD will be identified and discussed.
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