Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 142, Issue 17, Pages 2876-2887Publisher
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.120030
Keywords
Chromatin; Epigenetics; Polycomb group; Transcriptional memory; Trithorax group
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Funding
- ETH Fellowship
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- ETH Zurich
- Epigenesys
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Intricate layers of regulation determine the unique gene expression profiles of a given cell and, therefore, underlie the immense phenotypic diversity observed among cell types. Understanding the mechanisms that govern which genes are expressed and which genes are silenced is a fundamental focus in biology. The Polycomb and Trithorax group chromatin proteins play important roles promoting the stable and heritable repression and activation of gene expression, respectively. These proteins, which are conserved across metazoans, modulate post-translational modifications on histone tails and regulate nucleosomal structures. Here, we review recent advances that have shed light on the mechanisms by which these two classes of proteins act to maintain epigenetic memory and allow dynamic switches in gene expression during development.
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