Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 222-233Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.020
Keywords
Copper-ammonia complex; Ammonia removal; Copper hydroxide; Co-precipitation; Struvite formation; Heavy-metal-containing wastewater
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51204213]
- Key Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province [2013WK2007]
- Innovation Stimulating Program of Central South University [2015CX001]
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Heavy metals and ammonia are difficult to remove from wastewater, as they easily combine into refractory complexes. The struvite formation method (SFM) was applied for the complex decomposition and simultaneous removal of heavy metal and ammonia. The results indicated that ammonia deprivation by SFM was the key factor leading to the decomposition of the copper-ammonia complex ion. Ammonia was separated from solution as crystalline struvite, and the copper mainly co-precipitated as copper hydroxide together with struvite. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction were considered to be the main surface interactions between struvite and copper hydroxide. Hydrogen bonding was concluded to be the key factor leading to the co-precipitation. In addition, incorporation of copper ions into the struvite crystal also occurred during the treatment process. (C) 2016 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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