Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 191-201Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.028
Keywords
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); Citrate; Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG); HepG2 cells; Cytotoxicity; Nanotoxicology
Categories
Funding
- FCT/MEC [FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013, FCT UID/AMB/50017/2013]
- European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
- FEDER through COMPETE [FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-021456, FCT PTDC/SAU-TOX/120953/2010]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/81792/2011, SFRH/BPD/111736/2015, SFRH/BPD/74868/2010]
- FCT/MCTES
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/81792/2011] Funding Source: FCT
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The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer, industrial and biomedical products. Therefore, human and environmental exposure to AgNPs (either as an engineered product or a contaminant) supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity profiles. In this study, 30 nm AgNPs coated with citrate or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), namely in terms of viability, apoptosis, apoptotic related genes, cell cycle and cyclins gene expression. Both types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity profile. At the concentrations used (11 and 5 mu g/mL corresponding to IC50 and similar to IC10 levels, respectively) the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCL2 (anti-apoptotic gene) and BAX (pro-apoptotic gene) were both downregulated. Moreover, both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration (11 mu g/mL) by increasing the percentage of cells in S (synthesis phase) and G2 (Gap 2 phase) phases. Considering the cell-cycle related genes, the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were decreased. Thus, this work has shown that citrate-and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression, cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar way. More research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity, since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts. (C) 2016 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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