Journal
JOURNAL OF ECT
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 190-197Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000387
Keywords
depression; randomized controlled trial; transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Funding
- NARSAD, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) [RP-PG-0606-1049]
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
- National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) [RP-PG-0606-1049] Funding Source: National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)
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Objectives High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) has proven antidepressant effects, but the optimal frequency of sessions remains unclear. Methods We conducted a 3-week, sham-controlled trial to assess the antidepressant efficacy of 1 active HF-rTMS session per day (A1 group) compared with 2 per day (A2 group) and equivalent sham sessions (once a day, S1 group; twice a day, S2 group) in patients with treatment-resistant major depression with a subsequent 2-week follow-up period. One hundred seventy-seven patients were screened, of whom 105 met eligibility criteria and 98 consented and were randomized. The HF-rTMS (20 Hz) was targeted to the left prefrontal cortex in sessions of approximately 40 trains (2 seconds each) at 100% resting motor threshold with an intertrain interval of 1 minute. Treatment response was defined as a 50% or greater decrease in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score and/or Clinician Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score of 3 or less. Remission was defined as HDRS score less than 8 and/or CGI-S score of 2 or less. Results Practically none of the subjects in either sham groups achieved remission. Increased odds of remission were present for CGI-S by stimulating twice rather than once per day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, P = 0.018), whereas there was a marginal result for HDRS (OR = 3.9, P = 0.066). Patients who had lower baseline HDRS (OR = 0.75, P = 0.014) and CGI-S scores (OR = 0.18, P = 0.001) were more likely to achieve remission. Conclusions Twice per day active HF-rTMS might be more effective than once per day active HF-rTMS or sham stimulation.
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