Journal
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
Volume 105, Issue 6, Pages 1738-1749Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12770
Keywords
delta C-13 value; deep soil carbon; landscape scale; pattern of spatial heterogeneity; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; SOC storage; subtropical savanna; woody plant encroachment
Categories
Funding
- U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB/DDIG1600790]
- USDA/NIFA [1003961]
- Explorers Club
- Southwestern Association of Naturalists
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas AM University
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1600790] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NIFA [1003961, 690737] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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1. Recent global trends of increasing woody plant abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems may substantially enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and could represent a strong carbon (C) sink in the terrestrial environment. However, few studies have quantitatively addressed the influence of spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and soil properties on SOC storage at the landscape scale. In addition, most studies assessing SOC response to woody encroachment consider only surface soils, and have not explicitly assessed the extent to which deeper portions of the soil profile may be sequestering C. 2. We quantified the direction, magnitude and pattern of spatial heterogeneity of SOC in the upper 1.2 m of the profile following woody encroachment via spatially specific intensive soil sampling across a landscape in a subtropical savanna in the Rio Grande Plains, USA, that has undergone woody proliferation during the past century. 3. Increased SOC accumulation following woody encroachment was observed to considerable depth, albeit at reduced magnitudes in deeper portions of the profile. Overall, woody clusters and groves accumulated 12.87 and 18.67 Mg Cha(-1) more SOC compared to grasslands to a depth of 1.2 m. 4. Woody encroachment significantly altered the pattern of spatial heterogeneity of SOC to a depth of 5 cm, with marginal effect at 5-15 cm, and no significant impact on soils below 15 cm. Fine root density explained greater variability of SOC in the upper 15 cm, while a combination of fine root density and soil clay content accounted for more of the variation in SOC in soils below 15 cm across this landscape. 5. Synthesis. Substantial soil organic carbon sequestration can occur in deeper portions of the soil profile following woody encroachment. Furthermore, vegetation patterns and soil properties influenced the spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty of soil organic carbon in this landscape, highlighting the need for spatially specific sampling that can characterize this variability and enable scaling and modelling. Given the geographic extent of woody encroachment on a global scale, this undocumented deep soil carbon sequestration suggests this vegetation change may play a more significant role in regional and global carbon sequestration than previously thought.
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