Orientationally engineered 2D/3D perovskite for high efficiency solar cells

Recently, the focus on perovskite solar cell researchers has shifted from 3D perovskites to hybrid 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite, in which a large cation is used as a spacer between the [PbX6](4-) layers. 2D/3D perovskites are stable as compared to 3D ones but they suffer from inferior photovoltaic performance. Herein, we report a highly efficient anilinium based 2D/3D perovskite with improved PCE of 16%. We have utilized a better compositional management, which has resulted in a 2D/3D perovskite, in which a 2D layered perovskite An(2)PbI(4) coherently exists with a bulk of 3D MAPbI(3) perovskite periodically oriented in the vertical direction. This new 2D/3D perovskite has surpassed 3D MAPbI(3) in terms of not only photovoltaic performance but also in PL emission, surface morphology, and surface potential.