A Signal Amplification Strategy of CuPtRh CNB-Embedded Ammoniated Ti3C2 MXene for Detecting Cardiac Troponin I by a Sandwich-Type Electrochemical Immunosensor

An early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is of great importance to patients. Herein, a sandwich-type immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is prepared by using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a composite (CuPtRh CNBs/NH2-Ti3C2) of trimetallic hollow CuPtRh cubic nanobox (CNB)-embedded few-layer ultrathin ammoniated MXene (NH2-Ti3C2). The embedding of the CuPtRh CNBs into NH2-Ti3C2 successfully prevents the restacking of NH2-Ti3C2 and offers more active sites for catalytic H2O2 reduction, which can effectively increase the current signal of the immunosensor. The designed sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for detection cTnI has a detection range of 25 fg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1), and the detection limit is 8.3 fg mL(-1) (S/ N = 3). Moreover, the immunosensor also demonstrates high sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility, and good stability. More importantly, the designed system offers a direction for early clinical testing of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.