Journal
SOLAR RRL
Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900472
Keywords
binding energies; fluorination; nonfullerene; organic solar cells; small-molecule donors
Funding
- National Youth Thousand Program Project [R52A199Z11]
- National Special Funds for Repairing and Purchasing Scientific Institutions [Y72Z090Q10]
- Artificial Intelligence Key Project of Chongqing [cstc2017rgzn-zdyfX0030]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61805245, 21702202]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2019373]
- CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program [Y82A060Q10, Y92A160Q10]
- Recruitment Program of Global Experts [R52A199Z10]
- Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing [cstc2019jcyj-msxm2027]
- Innovation fund Denmark (INKA project)
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC)
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Three symmetrically difluorinated organic semiconductors (namely D5T2F-P, D5T2F-S, and D5T2F-T) containing rhodanine-flanked pentathiophene structures are synthesized and used as donors in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) prepared with the small-molecule acceptor 2,2 '-((2Z,2 ' Z)-((4,4,9,9-tetrahexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b ']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC-4F). The different substitutional positions of fluorine atoms (-F) in the conjugated backbone of the donor molecule lead to various material and photovoltaic properties being exhibited. Among the three isomers, the centrally fluorinated D5T2F-P exhibits a redshifted absorption spectrum, downshifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, and improved miscibility with IDIC-4F in the blend films, all of which result in superior device performance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ASM-OSCs based on D5T2F-P:IDIC-4F reaches an impressive value of 9.36% with an open-circuit voltage (V-OC) value of 0.86 V and a short-circuit current density (J(SC)) value of 16.94 mA cm(-2), whereas those of D5T2F-S (6.11%) and D5T2F-T (5.42%) are much lower. In comparison, an ASM-OSC based on the nonfluorinated analogue DRCN5T fabricated under the same conditions exhibits poorer performance (8.03% with IDIC-4F), revealing 16% enhancement in the PCE achieved through backbone fluorination. The PCE of 9.36% may be one of the highest efficiencies of oligothiophene-based ASM-OSCs reported in the literature to date.
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