Journal
TRANSCRIPTION-AUSTIN
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 26-36Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2020.1713682
Keywords
Enhancer; histone modification; cancer
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0502100]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31670874, 81972647, 31771503]
- Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province of China [CXZD2017000188]
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Enhancers are cis-acting elements with many sites bound by transcription factors and activate transcription over long distance. Histone modifications are critical for enhancer activity and utilized as hallmarks for the identification of putative enhancers. Monomethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) is the mark for enhancer priming; acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) for active enhancers and trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) for silent enhancers. Recent studies from multiple groups have provided evidence that enhancer reprogramming, especially gain of enhancer activity, is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer development. In this review, we will summarize the recent discoveries about enhancer regulation and the mechanisms of enhancer reprogramming in tumorigenesis, and discuss the potential application of enhancer manipulation in precision medicine.
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