Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22206
Keywords
drug resistance; HIV-1; HIV-1 inhibitors; phenotypic assay
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Funding
- Seventh Framework Programme [601969]
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BackgroundAlthough clinical management of drug resistance is routinely based on genotypic methods, phenotypic assays remain necessary for the characterization of novel HIV-1 inhibitors, particularly against common drug-resistant variants. We describe the development and assessment of the performance of a recombinant virus assay for measuring HIV-1 susceptibility to protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase (IN) inhibitors. MethodsThe system is based on the creation of replication-competent chimeric viruses through homologous recombination between patient or laboratory virus-derived PCR fragments and the corresponding NL4-3 vector where the whole Gag-PR, RT-RNaseH or IN coding regions has been deleted through inverse PCR. The susceptibility to nucleoside (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside (NNRTIs) RT inhibitors and to IN inhibitors (INIs) is calculated through a single-round infection assay in TZM-bl cells, while protease inhibitor (PI) activity is determined through a first round of infection in MT-2 cells followed by infection of TZM-bl cells with MT-2 supernatants. ResultsThe assay showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy when testing PI, NRTI, NNRTI, and INI susceptibility of drug-resistant clones previously characterized through the reference pseudoparticle-based Phenosense assay. The coefficient of interassay variation in fold change (FC) resistance was 12.0%-24.3% when assaying seven drug/clones pairs in three runs. FC values calculated by the Phenosense and in-house for 20 drug/clones pairs were in good agreement, with meanSD ratio of 1.14 +/- 0.33 and no cases differing by more than twofold. ConclusionsThe described phenotypic assay can be adopted to evaluate the antiviral activity of licensed and investigational HIV-1 drugs targeting any of the three HIV-1 enzymes.
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