Correlation between temporomandibular joint morphology and disc displacement by MRI

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint's (TMJs) disc and condyle as well as its correlation with disc displacement, using MRI. Methods: 190 TMJs were retrospectively analysed. The condyle morphology of each TMJ was evaluated by two observers using both axial and coronal views, as were their disc morphology and displacement, using sagittal view. Condyle morphology was classified as flat, convex, angled or rounded in the coronal sections and as anterior side flat/posterior side convex, biconvex, anterior side concave/posterior side convex, flat or biconcave in the axial view. Disc morphology was determined as biconcave, biplanar, biconvex, hemiconvex or folded. chi(2), Fisher exact and Bonferroni correction tests were used to evaluate the data. ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test was used to evaluate the interaction between age and disc displacement. Results: Anterior disc displacement with reduction; convex condyle morphology in the coronal view; anterior side concave/posterior side convex morphology in the axial view; and biconcave discs were found to be the most prevalent findings. An association was observed between disc morphology and disc displacement (p < 0.001). No correlation between condyle morphology and TMJ disc displacement was found (p = 0.291 for axial and p = 0.14 for coronal views). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that TMJ disc morphology is associated with disc displacement.