Age- and Sex-Specific Differences as Predictors of Surgical Remission Among Patients With Acromegaly

Context: Sex and age are factors conferring resistance to medical treatment in patients with acromegaly. However, their impact on outcomes of transsphenoidal-selective adenomectomy (TSA) has not been evaluated. Objective: To analyze age-and sex-related differences concerning surgical outcomes of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Single-center tertiary hospital. Participants: Patients with acromegaly (n = 463) who underwent TSA between January 2000 and July 2014. Intervention: TSA. Main Outcome Measurements: Tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes. Results: Sex differences existed in the baseline insulinlike growth factor-1 levels and the mean tumor size. Overall, surgical remission rates were 89.7% and 76.5% in male and female patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Total tumor tissue resection was performed in 92.6% and 85.8% of male and female participants, respectively (P = 0.021). Premenopausal women had a higher proportion of pituitary adenoma with cavernous sinus invasion than did men aged <50 years (35.3% vs 21.7%, P = 0.007). In immediate postoperative, 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests, fewer premenopausal women reached < 1 ng/dL nadir GH levels than did men aged <50 years (59.9% vs 87.7%, P < 0.001). Surgical results were similar in both sexes among older patients (>= 50 years). However, premenopausal women had significantly lower long-term remission rates than did men aged <50 years (69.3% vs 88.0%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Premenopausal women with acromegaly tend to have larger tumors, more aggressive tumor types, and lower remission rates than do men. However, further studies on the clinical implications are needed.