YUCCA4 overexpression modulates auxin biosynthesis and transport and influences plant growth and development via crosstalk with abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana

Auxin regulates a plethora of events during plant growth and development, acting in concert with other phytohormones. YUCCA genes encode flavin monooxygenases that function in tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis. To understand the contribution of the YUCCA4 (YUC4) gene on auxin homeostasis, plant growth and interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, 35S::YUC4 seedlings were generated, which showed elongated hypocotyls with hyponastic leaves and changes in root system architecture that correlate with enhanced auxin responsive gene expression. Differential expression of PIN1, 2, 3 and 7 auxin transporters was detected in roots of YUC4 overexpressing seedlings compared to the wild-type: PIN1 was down-regulated whereas PIN2, PIN3 and PINT were up-regulated. Noteworthy, 35S::YUC4 lines showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA on seed germination and postembryonic root growth, involving ABI4 transcription factor. The auxin reporter genes DR5::GUS, DR5::GFP and BA3::GUSfurther revealed that abscisic acid impairs auxin responses in 35S::YUC4 seedlings. Our results indicate that YUC4 overexpression influences several aspects of auxin homeostasis and reveal the critical roles of ABI4 during auxin-ABA interaction in germination and primary root growth.