The fog cloud of things: A survey on concepts, architecture, standards, tools, and applications

The Fog computing paradigms are becoming popular means of utilizing resources optimally by the IoT devices, extending quality of service to the vicinity of the user, and achieve fast processing in the IoT-cloud ecosystems. Fog models allow fast processing of data, easy to reach storage, and reduce bulky network transition. The inefficiencies of the cloud inspire unnecessarily big data to be sent to the backhaul of the network, which incapacitates the cloud infrastructure. Fog computing addresses the limitation of the cloud systems by improving robustness, efficiency, and performance of cloud infrastructure. The need to process some of the big data produced at the peripheral of the network using keen techniques in the fog-cloud ecosystems is a key to new interesting architectures filed in the recent literature. These architectures provide new business opportunities that drive the Internet of things devices to function according to users' demands. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey on Fog-Edge computing to give a foundation to solutions proposed in studies that involve IoT-Fog-Cloud ecosystems. This is done by providing insights of new research aspects filed, the state-of-art in fog computing architectures, standards, tools and applications. We project the future development trends and provide open issues in fog cloud of things. This will focus developers to develop applications that work well in a cloud-based controlled ecosystem across a range of network terminals. (C) 2020ElsevierB.V. Allrightsreserved.