Journal
ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010021
Keywords
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; host-directed therapy; drug resistance; immune response; autophagy; innate immunity; antimicrobial peptides
Categories
Funding
- Karolinska Institutet
- Swedish Research Council [2013-09299, 2013-02709, 2016-01496]
- Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation [20170358]
- Stockholm County Council [20190016]
- Scandinavian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (SSAC) [SLS-885491]
- Foundation Against Antibiotic Resistance [4-2018]
- Vinnova [2013-02709] Funding Source: Vinnova
- Swedish Research Council [2013-09299, 2016-01496, 2013-02709] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries, presenting a major threat to the public health. The currently recommended long term treatment regimen with multiple antibiotics is associated with poor patient compliance, which in turn, may contribute to the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The low global treatment efficacy of MDR-TB has highlighted the necessity to develop novel treatment options. Host-directed therapy (HDT) together with current standard anti-TB treatments, has gained considerable interest, as HDT targets novel host immune mechanisms. These immune mechanisms would otherwise bypass the antibiotic bactericidal targets to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which may be mutated to cause antibiotic resistance. Additionally, host-directed therapies against TB have been shown to be associated with reduced lung pathology and improved disease outcome, most likely via the modulation of host immune responses. This review will provide an update of host-directed therapies and their mechanism(s) of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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