Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 168, Issue -, Pages 1211-1216Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.096
Keywords
Fat, oil and grease (FOG); Waste management; Biodiesel; Waste-to-energy; Simultaneous esterification/transesterification
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Funding
- New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea [20163010092290]
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In this study, the conversion of fat, oil and grease (FOG) into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) without pre-treatment of FOG is investigated. A thermally induced process to accomplish simultaneous esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) and transesterification of lipids is introduced. Despite high contents of impurities in FOG (similar to 14 wt%), the maximum achievable yield of FAMEs on feedstock mass basis was >86% for 10 s reaction time without removal of impurities prior to the reaction while conventional acid catalyzed reaction only produced <27.7% FAMEs from FOG. This means that the introduced technique can be effective for the conversion of low-quality raw material (e.g., FOG) into biodiesel. This study would suggest the potential not only for developing a sustainable integrated treatment process of FOG requiring no separation of lipids and FFAs in wastewater treatment facilities but also for using FOG as a renewable energy resource. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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