Monitoring of vancomycin in human plasma via portable microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detector and multi-stacking strategy

A portable microchip electrophoresis (MCE) coupled with on-chip contactless conductivity detection ((CD)-D-4) system was evaluated for the determination of vancomycin in human plasma. In order to enhance the detection sensitivity, a new online multi-stacking preconcentration technique based on field enhanced sample injection (FESI) and micelle-to-solvent stacking (MSS) was developed and implemented in MCE-(CD)-D-4 system equipped with a commercially available double T-junction glass chip. The cationic analytes from the two sample reservoirs were injected under FESI conditions and subsequently focused by MSS within the sample-loading channel. The proposed multi-stacking strategy was verified under a fluorescence microscope using Rhodamine 6G as the model analyte and a sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF) of up to 217 was achieved. The developed approach was subsequently implemented in the aqueous-based MCE, coupled to (CD)-D-4 in order to monitor the targeted antibiotic (in this case, vancomycin) present in human plasma samples. The multi-stacking and analysis time for vancomycin were 50 s and 250 s respectively, with SEF of approximately 83 when compared to typical gated injection. The detection limit of the method for vancomycin was 1.2 mu g/mL, with intraday and interday repeatability RSDs of 2.6% and 4.3%, respectively. Recoveries in spiked human plasma were 99.0%-99.2%. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.