Journal
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
Volume 49, Issue 3, Pages 865-907Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00528e
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21901069]
- Special Fund for Hunan's Plan on Innovative Province Construction [2019RS1018]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIT) [NRF-2019R1F1A1061780]
- National Research Foundation under the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea [NRF-2018R1A2A1A05077540]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Separation Science program [DE-FG02-01ER15186]
- National Institutes of Health [GM RO1 103790]
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-0018]
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Supramolecular chemistry is a central topic in modern chemistry. It touches on many traditional disciplines, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, materials chemistry, environmental chemistry, and biological chemistry. Supramolecular hosts, inter alia macrocyclic hosts, play critical roles in supramolecular chemistry. Calix[4]pyrroles, non-aromatic tetrapyrrolic macrocycles defined by sp(3) hybridized meso bridges, have proved to be versatile receptors for neutral species, anions, and cations, as well as ion pairs. Compared to the parent system, octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole and its derivatives bearing simple appended functionalities, strapped calix[4]pyrroles typically display enhanced binding affinities and selectivities. In this review, we summarize advances in the design and synthesis of strapped calix[4]pyrroles, as well as their broad utility in molecular recognition, supramolecular extraction, separation technology, ion transport, and as agents capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Future challenges within this sub-field are also discussed.
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