Journal
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages 2494-2503Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06441a
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Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [21788102, 51973071, 21674040]
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [16308016, C6009-17G, A-HKUST605/16]
- University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [AoE/P-03/08, AoE/P-02/12]
- Innovation and Technology Commission [ITC-CNERC14SC01, TCPD/17-9]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFE0190200]
- Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen [JCYJ20160229205601482, JCYJ20140425170011516]
- Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province [2016A030306013]
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Photosensitizers (PSs) with multiple characteristics, including efficient singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) generation, cancer cell-selective accumulation and subsequent mitochondrial localization as well as near-infrared (NIR) excitation and bright NIR emission, are promising candidates for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) but rarely concerned. Herein, a simple rational strategy, namely modulation of donor-acceptor (D-A) strength, for molecular engineering of mitochondria-targeting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs with desirable characteristics including highly improved O-1(2) generation efficiency, NIR emission (736 nm), high specificity to mitochondria, good biocompatibility, high brightness and superior photostability is demonstrated. Impressively, upon light irradiation, the optimal NIR AIE PS (DCQu) can generate O-1(2) with efficiency much higher than those of commercially available PSs. The excellent two-photon absorption properties of DCQu allow two-photon fluorescence imaging of mitochondria and subsequent two-photon excited PDT. DCQu can selectively differentiate cancer cells from normal cells without the aid of extra targeting ligands. Upon ultralow-power light irradiation at 4.2 mW cm(-2), in situ mitochondrial photodynamic activation to specifically damage cancer cells and efficient in vivo melanoma ablation are demonstrated, suggesting superior potency of the AIE PS in imaging-guided PDT with minimal side effects, which is promising for future precision medicine.
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