Journal
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
Volume 117, Issue -, Pages 41-52Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.009
Keywords
Wind-driven upwelling dynamics; Geostrophic cross-isobath transport; Circulation over variable shelf
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Funding
- Hong Kong's Research Grant Council [N_HKUST627/13, GRF612412]
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We investigated persistent summer upwelling circulation, in response to upwelling and downwelling favorable winds, in the Northeastern South China Sea (NSCS). We used a validated three-dimensional ocean circulation model that was forced by realistic atmospheric fluxes and downscaled coupling of real-time lateral fluxes. We found that upwelling in the NSCS was formed and maintained by the presence of an intensified westward along-isobath pressure gradient force (PGF(m)) and bottom frictional effect that led to cross-isobath currents over the unique NSCS widened shelf. The upwelling favorable PGF(m), and the frictional effect arose from the interaction between the eastward shelf current and the shelf topography. These intrinsic upwelling dynamics in the NSCS were largely sustained during episodic downwelling winds in the upwelling season because the retreat of the eastward shelf current from pre-existing upwelling was significantly slowed by the unique widened shelf topography. Furthermore, the upwelling dynamics could also be maintained and, even developed, during downwelling favorable winds, when the eastward shelf current was sustained by the pumping of downstream outflow. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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