Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 130, Issue 9, Pages 1675-1687Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200204
Keywords
Tail-anchored protein; Peroxisomes; Mitochondria; ACBD5
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/K006231/1, BB/N01541X/1]
- Wellcome Trust [WT097835MF, WT105618MA]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology)
- Fonds europeen de developpement regional (FEDER/COMPETE) [PTDC/BIA-BCM/118605/2010, SFRH/BPD/74428/2010, SFRH/BD/37647/2007, SFRH/BPD/77619/2011, UID/BIM/04501/2013]
- Marie Curie (European Commission) Initial Training Network (ITN) [316723]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/K006231/1, BB/N01541X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/K006231/1, BB/N01541X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BIA-BCM/118605/2010, SFRH/BD/37647/2007, SFRH/BPD/74428/2010] Funding Source: FCT
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Tail-anchored (TA) proteins contain a single transmembrane domain (TMD) at the C-terminus that anchors them to the membranes of organelles where they mediate critical cellular processes. Accordingly, mutations in genes encoding TA proteins have been identified in a number of severe inherited disorders. Despite the importance of correctly targeting a TA protein to its appropriate membrane, the mechanisms and signals involved are not fully understood. In this study, we identify additional peroxisomal TA proteins, discover more proteins that are present on multiple organelles, and reveal that a combination of TMD hydrophobicity and tail charge determines targeting to distinct organelle locations in mammals. Specifically, an increase in tail charge can override a hydrophobic TMD signal and re-direct a protein from the ER to peroxisomes or mitochondria and vice versa. We show that subtle changes in those parameters can shift TA proteins between organelles, explaining why peroxisomes and mitochondria have many of the same TA proteins. This enabled us to associate characteristic physicochemical parameters in TA proteins with particular organelle groups. Using this classification allowed successful prediction of the location of uncharacterized TA proteins for the first time.
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