Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 3259-3266Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09502k
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51602138]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [lzujbky-2017-kb11]
- Natural Science Foundation of Gansu [17JR5RA213]
- Fundamental Research Funds the Central Universities [lzujbky-2019-64]
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province and Resources Utilization, Gansu Province
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Poor charge separation and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics are two typical factors that hinder the photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications of hematite. Dual modification via heteroatom doping and surface treatment is an attractive strategy to overcome the above problems. Herein, for the first time, a hematite nanorod photoanode was ameliorated via the fluorine treatment (F-treatment) of both bulk and surface, enabling simultaneous charge separation from the interior to the interface. Accordingly, the novel photoanode (FeFx/F-Fe2O3) exhibited an outstanding PEC water oxidation activity, with a 3-fold improved photocurrent density than that obtained using unmodified alpha-Fe2O3. More specifically, fluorine doping (F-doping) in the hematite bulk remarkably increased the concentration of charge carriers and endowed it with favorable electrical conductivity for rapid charge transfer. Further surface F-treatment on F-doped alpha-Fe2O3 (F-Fe2O3) enriched the F-Fe bonds on the surface, which significantly boosted the OER kinetics and thereby inhibited the detrimental charge recombination. As a consequence, the efficiencies of bulk electron-hole pair separation and surface hole injection increased by 2.8 and 1.7 times, respectively. This study points to fluorine modulation as an attractive avenue to advance the PEC performance of metal oxide-based photoelectrode materials.
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