Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages 4950-4959Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta13913c
Keywords
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Funding
- KIRAN division of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Govt. of India [DST/WOS-B/2018/2039]
- Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the DST, Govt. of India [SB/S2/RJN-088/2016]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) [2019R1A4A2001527]
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Graphite, an ordered layered structure, has been the dominant choice as a stable electrode material since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which could bring about a significant increase in demand for the material owing to its usage in forthcoming graphite-based energy storage devices. In this work, we propose an efficient route to reutilize recovered graphite (RG) from spent LIBs as an anode material for the fabrication of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) after the required treatment. It was found that RG displayed a first excellent performance in a half-cell configuration, which further encouraged us to assemble a full cell using activated carbon as the cathode. Prior to the fabrication of the LIC, the RG was pre-lithiated (LiC6) to form a graphite intercalation compound to supply Li ions. The resultant dual-carbon LIC in an aprotic organic solvent delivered a maximum energy density of 185.54 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 0.319 kW kg(-1) at ambient conditions. Furthermore, different temperature performance analysis revealed that the assembled LIC presented a good cycling performance for a continuous 2000 cycles with similar to 75% capacity retention at 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The developed dual carbon-based LIC using recovered RG from spent LIBs offers several promising features, such as low cost and good applicability in a wide range of temperature operations as well as providing a real solution to recycle the upcoming massive quantity of spent LIBs generated by different electronic appliances.
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