Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 163, Issue 2, Pages 97-103Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx079
Keywords
H2A; L; 2; H3; 3; protamines; TH2B; transition proteins
Categories
Funding
- ANR Episperm 3 program
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- INCa libre program [RPT13001CCA]
- Fondation ARC [RAC16042CLA, CH7-INS15B66, ASC16012CSA]
- Universite Grenoble Alpes [ANR-15-IDEX-02]
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Prior to its transmission to the offspring, the male genome has to be tightly compacted. A genome-scale histone eviction and the subsequent repackaging of DNA by protamines (Prms) direct this essential genome condensation step. The requirement for male germ cells to undergo such a dramatic and unique genome reorganization explains why these cells express the largest number of histone variants, including many testis-specific ones. Indeed, an open chromatin, nucleosome instability and a facilitated process of histone disassembly are direct consequences of the presence of these histone variants in the chromatin of male germ cells. These histone-induced changes in chromatin first control a stage-specific gene expression program and then directly mediate the histone-to-Prm transition process. This review aims at summarizing and discussing a series of recent functional studies of male germ cell histone variants with a focus on their impact on the process of histone eviction and male genome compaction.
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