Recent Progress in Calix[n]quinone (n=4, 6) and Pillar[5]quinone Electrodes for Secondary Rechargeable Batteries

Attributing to the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, good structural designability and environmental friendliness, organic quinone electrode materials have been applied in secondary batteries to achieve great electrochemical performances. At present, a series of researches about secondary batteries with quinone-based compounds calix[4]quinone (C4Q), pillar[5]quinone (P5Q) and calix[6]quinone (C6Q) as cathodes have been carried out. In this review, we systematically summarize the applications of these three types of quinone compounds in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), and magnesium-ion batteries (Mg-ion batteries). The optimizing methods for suppressing the dissolution of organic electrode materials such as quasi-solid-state electrolytes, all-solid-state electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes and carbon immobilization are concluded. This review could provide a good guideline to improve the electrochemical performances of secondary batteries using quinone compounds as cathodes in the future.