Chitosan hydrogels for targeted dye and protein adsorption

There is an urgent requirement to devise and develop highly-effective materials for the purification of industrial wastewater. Colored effluents are particularly problematic due to their toxicity in plants, aquatic organisms, and animals, dictating that polymeric adsorbents are highly sought for their capture. Chitosan hydrogels are a cost-effective substrate for the adsorption of dye molecules as they contain a biopolymeric gelator that can form hydrogels with a polymer content as low as 3% by mass. Such materials are also highly suited for use within a biomedical context as carrier vehicles for the encapsulation and delivery of protein macromolecules, due to their hydrophilic nature. We disclose the capability chitosan-based hydrogels to noncovalently adsorb both reactive and disperse dye molecules, and a model anionic protein from aqueous solution. The materials generated offer both a platform for dye removal from industrial wastewater, and for the encapsulation and pH-mediated release of protein macromolecules. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.