Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Volume 121, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.4984201
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Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under QuASAR Program
- NIST through Embedded Standards program
- NSF [PHY-1506093]
- Rydberg Technologies, LLC
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1506093] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We investigate the relationship between the Rabi frequency (Omega(RF), related to the applied electric field) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, when performing atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric (E) field strength measurements using Rydberg states and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic vapor. The AT splitting satisfies, under certain conditions, a well-defined linear relationship with the applied RF field amplitude. The EIT/AT-based E-field measurement approach derived from these principles is currently being investigated by several groups around the world as a means to develop a new SI-traceable RF E-field measurement technique. We establish conditions under which the measured AT-splitting is an approximately linear function of the RF electric field. A quantitative description of systematic deviations from the linear relationship is key to exploiting EIT/AT-based atomic-vapor spectroscopy for SI-traceable field measurement. We show that the linear relationship is valid and can be used to determine the E-field strength, with minimal error, as long as the EIT linewidth is small compared to the AT-splitting. We also discuss interesting aspects of the thermal dependence (i.e., hot-versus cold-atom) of this EIT-AT technique. An analysis of the transition from cold- to hot-atom EIT in a Doppler-mismatched cascade system reveals a significant change of the dependence of the EIT linewidth on the optical Rabi frequencies and of the AT-splitting on Omega(RF).
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