The role of international tourism on energy consumption: empirical evidence from Turkey

Although tourism is one of the most critical sectors of an economy, the literature has highly ignored its role as a potential determinant of energy consumption. To fill this gap, we investigate the role of international tourism on the energy consumption of Turkey, from 1960 to 2015, in a multivariate framework. Powerful (Bayer, C., & Hanck, C. (2013). Combining non-cointegration tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95) cointegration and (Hacker, R. S., & Hatemi-J, A. (2006). Tests for causality between integrated variables using asymptotic and bootstrap distributions: theory and application. Applied Economics, 38(13), 1489-1500) bootstrap causality tests provide empirical evidence for the importance of the tourism sector on energy consumption for the sample investigated. Our findings can pave the way to establish sector-specific policy recommendation those will be important for several aspects such as sustainability of tourism led growth, competitiveness of the tourism sector and environmental protection.