Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 10, Issue 20, Pages 11727-11736Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01009j
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Funding
- KAKENHI [JP17H01200]
- Kumamoto University
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- JSSP Fellowship [L18519]
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Hybrids of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and metal/metal oxide (Pt, NiO/Ni(OH)(2), CoO, Fe3O4) nano particle were prepared by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and metal ion (Pt2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+) hybrids. The M-rGO hybrids (M = Pt, Ni-, Co and Fe) were justified for the transformation of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). High glucose -> 5-HMF conversion was yielded depending on the nature of the M-rGO catalyst. The Ni-rGO showed the highest 5-HMF yield. The conversion reaction tuned to the optimized state under a microwave-assisted reaction accomplished by using Ni-rGO. In such case, the conversion rate was 99% with a 5-HMF yield of 75%. In order to improve both the conversion and yield, NiGO-FD was prepared by a freeze-dry method. The NiGO-FD remarkably showed the highest conversion of 99% and 5-HMF yield of 95%. Beside the biomass transformation process, the physico-chemical strategy employed herein for multiplying the catalytic efficiency might be justified for catalyzing similar reactions.
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