Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030057
Keywords
endothelial dysfunction; vascular inflammation; APE1; Ref-1; cardiovascular diseases; subcellular localization; serological biomarkers
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Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2014R1A6A1029617, 2016R1A6A3A11932015, 2017R1A6A3A11027834]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A6A3A11027834, 2016R1A6A3A11932015] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Endothelial dysfunction promotes vascular inflammation by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and adhesion molecules. Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and atherosclerotic disorders. However, whether there is an endogenous system that can participate in circulating immune surveillance or managing a balance in homeostasis is unclear. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (henceforth referred to as APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that can be secreted from cells. It functions as an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease in the DNA base repair pathway and modulates redox status and several types of transcriptional factors, in addition to its anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, it was reported that the secretion of APE1/Ref-1 into the extracellular medium of cultured cells or its presence in the plasma can act as a serological biomarker for certain disorders. In this review, we summarize the possible biological functions of APE1/Ref-1 according to its subcellular localization or its extracellular secretions, as therapeutic targets for vascular inflammation and as a serologic biomarker.
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