Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 3609-3618Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00098
Keywords
Li-ion batteries; Ni-rich NCM cathode materials; surface treatment with SO2 gas; electrochemical performance; thermal behavior
Funding
- BASF, Germany
- Israeli Prime Minister's Office
- Israeli Committee for Higher Education
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We present in this paper a modification and stabilization approach for the surface of a high specific capacity Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.85Co0.10Mn0.05O2 (NCM85) via SO2 gas treatment at 250-400 degrees C, in order to enhance its electrochemical performance in advanced lithium-ion batteries. It was established that SO2 interactions with NCM85 result in the formation of a nanometer-sized Li2SO4 surface layer on the oxide particles with no impact on the bulk structure of the material and its morphology. We consider the above interactions as oxidation-reduction processes resulting in direct oxidation of sulfur and partial reduction of Ni3+ as revealed by high-resolution XPS and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. The important impacts of the SO2 treatment are a remarkably stable cycling performance of cathodes comprising this material with similar to 10% increase in capacity retention and lesser voltage hysteresis upon cycling compared to untreated NCM85 cathodes. The SO2-treated NCM85 material is also significantly thermally stable, demonstrating lower heat evolution upon thermal reactions with standard EC-EMC/LiPF6 solutions by 12-20%, compared to untreated material. The proposed approach to modify the surface of Ni-rich NCM cathode materials by SO2 treatment is demonstrated to be a promising method to enhance their electrochemical performance. This work demonstrates a leap in performance of Ni-rich NCM cathode materials by increasing the content of nickel compared to any benchmark cathodes and is a promising approach for stabilization by surface modification.
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