Journal
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 230-240Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.002
Keywords
Scutellaria; Whole-genome duplication; Flavonoid biosynthesis; Tandem duplication; Species-specific evolution
Categories
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2019YFC1711100]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31700264]
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) [2016-I2M3-016]
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Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and Scutellaria barbata (S. barbata) are common medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Both produce specific flavonoid compounds, including baicalein, scutellarein, norwogonin, and wogonin, as well as their glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of S. baicalensis and S. barbata with quantitative chromosomal variation (2n = 18 and 2n = 26, respectively). The divergence of S. baicalensis and S. barbata occurred far earlier than previously reported, and a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was identified. The insertion of long terminal repeat elements after speciation might be responsible for the observed chromosomal expansion and rear-rangement. Comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species-specific evolution of chrysin and apigenin biosynthetic genes, such as the S. baicalensis-specific tandem duplication of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase, and the S. barbata-specific duplication of genes encoding 4-CoA ligase. In addition, the paralogous duplication, colinearity, and expression diversity of CYP82D subfamily members revealed the functional divergence of genes encoding flavone hydroxylase between S. baicalensis and S. barbata. Analyzing these Scutellaria genomes reveals the common and species-specific evolution of flavone biosynthetic genes. Thus, these findings would facilitate the development of molecular breeding and studies of biosynthesis and regulation of bioactive compounds.
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