Applications of transition-metal sulfides in the cathodes of lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and reliable performance. However, the commercial applications of lithium-sulfur batteries is hindered by several shortcomings like the poor conductivity of sulfur and its reaction products, and the loss of active materials owing to the diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) into the electrolyte. Hence, the effective restraining of the LiPSs and the promotion of the sluggish conversion are highly demanded to fulfill the potential of lithium-sulfur batteries. Here, we summarize the applications of transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) in the cathodes over recent years and demonstrate the unique advantages they possess to realize reliable long-life lithium-sulfur batteries.