Journal
DIVERSITY-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/d12040138
Keywords
coastal sand dune habitats; habitat directive 92; 43; ECC; multivariate pseudo-standard error; plant diversity; sampling effort; species assemblage
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Funding
- Tuscany Region through the project Monito-Rare (Monitoraggio di specie e habitat terrestri di interesse comunitario ai sensi della Direttiva Habitat) [92/43/CEE]
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A robust survey method that samples the main characteristics of plant assemblages is needed to assess the conservation status of European habitat in the Natura 2000 network. A measure of variability, called pseudo-multivariate dissimilarity-based standard error (MultSE), was recently proposed for assessing sample-size adequacy in ecological communities. Here, we used it on coastal sand dune systems in three Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Tuscany. Our aim was to assess the minimum number of replicates necessary to adequately characterize sand dune environments in terms of differences between habitats and SACs, after a preliminary baseline assessment of plant diversity. Analysis of alpha and beta diversity indicated that especially between habitats the three SACs protect different plant communities. The study of the MultSE profiles showed that the minimum number of replicates needed to assess differences among habitats varied between 10 and 25 plots. Two-way PERMANOVA and SIMPER analysis on the full and reduced datasets confirmed that SACs and habitats host different plant communities, and that the contribution of the target species remained unchanged even with a reduced sample size. The proposed methodological approach can be used to develop cost-effective monitoring programs and it can be useful for plant ecologists and biodiversity managers for assessing ecosystem health and changes.
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