Porous Two -Dimensional Materials for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications

Two-dimensional materials with abundant in-plane pores (porous 2D materials) have shown high performances as catalysts, especially for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, owing to their distinct microstructural advantages originating from both 2D materials and porous materials. Here, the recent progress in porous 2D materials in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is reviewed. We first highlight the influence of their special structural merits on the processes of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, including transport of ion and/or charge carriers, surface active sites, stability, modifications, electronic band structure, and light absorption properties. Representative synthetic methods for porous 2D materials are also introduced classified by top-down and bottom-up routes. In addition, their applications in different aspects of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are presented systematically. In conclusion, we propose some opportunities and challenges for the development of porous 2D materials, with the hope of further facilitating the applications of these emerging advanced materials in photocatalysis and electrolysis.