Journal
IONICS
Volume 23, Issue 8, Pages 1995-2003Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11581-017-2062-5
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery; High rate capability; Low content Ni-Cr co-doping; Low capacity fade; Sol-gel method
Funding
- Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan
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Nanoparticles of the pure and Ni-Cr co-doped lithium manganese oxides Li[NixCryMn2-x-y]O-4 (x = y = 0.01-0.05) have been synthesized by sol-gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The effect of low-content doping was noted reflecting the faster ionic movement in the cathode material. The phase structure and morphology of the materials are characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. Electrochemical and impedance measurements established that low-content Ni-Cr substitution substantially improves the structural stability and high rate cycling performance of LiMn2O4. Among all the investigated compositions, LiNi0.01Cr0.01Mn1.98O4 demonstrated the best electrochemical performance. At a substantially high current rate of 5 C, 82% of the initial discharge capacity at 0.1 C is retained. Remarkably, after deep cycling at high rates, a discharge capacity of 104 mAhg(-1) is resumed upon reducing the current rate to 0.1 C which is 91% of the specific capacity in the first cycle.
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