Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 8, Issue 18, Pages 8875-8882Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ta03305g
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21905231]
- National Postdoctoral Foundation of China [2018M643737]
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Improving the energy density of pressure-tolerant batteries is an important approach to improving the working ability of underwater robots. Organic radical cathodes have a faster reaction mechanism than inorganic transition metal oxide cathodes but, currently, still do not provide high capacity, high rate, and stable cycling performance at the same time. Therefore, we fabricated a pressure-resistant organic radical cathode based on hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with a stable structure and chemically modified the HCSs with nitroxide radical monomers (TEMPO-HCSs). Enriched nitroxide radicals form more active sites on HCSs, resulting in a better conductivity than that of nitroxide radical polymers and an improved electrochemical performance. The grafted nitroxide radicals stabilize the HCS structure, which is beneficial for application of TEMPO-HCSs as the cathode in lithium ion and sodium ion batteries at 5 MPa, showing high specific capacities of 339 and 297 mA h g(-1), respectively, as well as high rate and stable cycling performances. Constructing high-performance and pressure-resistant cathodes is a prerequisite for an increased efficiency of underwater robots.
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