Journal
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
Volume 63, Issue 7, Pages 407-459Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2017.1366003
Keywords
Titanium powder; powder metallurgy; extractive metallurgy; sintering; microstructure; mechanical properties
Categories
Funding
- US Department of Energy (DOE), Innovative Manufacturing Initiative through the Advanced Manufacturing Office [DEEE0005761]
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) of the US DOE through the Modern Electro/Thermochemical Advances in Light-Metal Systems (METALS) program [DE-AR0000420]
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Powder metallurgy (PM) of titanium is a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional wrought titanium. This article examines both traditional and emerging technologies, including the production of powder, and the sintering, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PM Ti. The production methods of powder are classified into two categories: (1) powder that is produced as the product of extractive metallurgy processes, and (2) powder that is made from Ti sponge, ingot, mill products, or scrap. A new hydrogen-assisted magnesium reduction (HAMR) process is also discussed. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced using various PM processes are analyzed based on their dependence on unique microstructural features, oxygen content, porosity, and grain size. In particular, the fatigue properties of PM Ti-6Al-4V are examined as functions of microstructure. A hydrogen-enabled approach for microstructural engineering that can be used to produce PM Ti with wrought-like microstructure and properties is also presented.
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